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Diaphragm was involved in 13.11% cases of abdominal and pelvic trauma. Blunt trauma accounted for 75% of cases while 25% were due to penetrating injuries. Right hemi diaphragm was injured in 37.5%, left hemi diaphragm in 25%, both in 37.5% of total cases of diaphragmatic injuries. Three-fourth of the penetrating injuries of diaphragm were due to penetrating injuries of the chest and one-fourth were due to penetrating injury of abdomen. Road traffic accidents accounted for 91.67% cases of blunt trauma injuries. The incidence of diaphragmatic injuries is shown in Table-XII(a).
The omentum was involved in 17.21% cases of all abdominal and pelvic injuries. The blunt trauma (road traffic accidents) accounted for all the cases. Contusion injury was noticed in 90.48% of cases. 9.52% of cases showed laceration injury. The incidence of omental injuries is shown in Table-XII(b).
Liver was involved in 72.13% cases of abdominal and pelvic trauma of which 94.32% were due to blunt trauma and 5.68% due to penetrating injuries of the abdomen and pelvis. Right lobe was involved more frequently (57.95%) in cases of liver injuries. Road traffic accidents accounted for 93.98% cases of blunt trauma injuries followed by fall from height in 2.41% and collapse of roof or drop of heavy object in 3.61% cases. Incidence and type of liver injuries is shown in Table-XII(c). Front (anterior) surface of liver was commonly involved in majority of cases (81.82%) as compared to other surfaces. Superficial and deep laceration injury was noticed in 38.64% and 50% of cases respectively. Piecemeal laceration of liver was observed in 11.36% of cases. Contusion injury of liver was found in 7.95% of total cases. It was observed that 64.77% of liver injuries were associated with rib fractures while 17.04% were associated with injuries to diaphragm.
Spleen was involved in 43.44% of total cases of abdominal and pelvic trauma victims. All the injuries to spleen were due to blunt force impact of which majority (86.79%) occurring due to vehicular accidents. 50.94% of spleen injuries were found in pedestrians and 35.85% in vehicular occupants. The incidence and type of spleen injuries is shown in Table-XII(d). Superficial and deep laceration injury was found in 13.21% and 77.36% of cases respectively. Piecemeal laceration of the spleen was noticed in 9.43% of cases. Outer (diaphragmatic) surface of spleen was involved in majority (47.17%) of cases of spleen injuries. It was observed that majority (64.15%) of spleen injuries were associated with rib fractures.
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